What Is Toenail Fungus?
Toenail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a common condition that affects the toenails, causing them to become thickened, discolored, brittle, or even misshapen. It occurs when fungal organisms—most often dermatophytes—invade the nail bed or surrounding skin. While not usually painful in the early stages, toenail fungus can become increasingly uncomfortable and affect your confidence in open-toed shoes.
- Typically appears as a yellow, white, or brown discoloration
- Causes the nail to thicken, crack, or lift from the nail bed
- Often starts in one toe but may spread to others
- More common in older adults, athletes, or people with diabetes
Over time, the infected nail may become increasingly deformed and difficult to trim. This can lead to pressure or friction in shoes, which may result in discomfort or even secondary infections. Though cosmetic in appearance, fungal toenails can affect self-esteem and make daily activities—like walking, exercising, or wearing sandals—more challenging.
At Best Foot Doctor NY, we help patients across Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens restore healthy, clear nails with both medical and cosmetic treatment options.
How Does Toenail Fungus Form?
Toenail fungus thrives in warm, moist environments and often develops gradually over time. It can enter the skin through small cuts, cracks, or spaces between the nail and nail bed. Once the fungus takes hold, it can be stubborn and slow to resolve without treatment.
Common causes and risk factors include:
- Walking barefoot in communal areas: Pools, gyms, locker rooms, or public showers
- Wearing tight or damp shoes: Especially after exercise or for long shifts
- Nail trauma: Injuries can weaken the nail’s natural barrier
- Underlying health issues: Diabetes, poor circulation, or a weakened immune system
- History of athlete’s foot: Fungal skin infections can spread to the toenails
The longer the infection is left untreated, the more damage it can cause to the nail and surrounding skin. In some cases, toenail fungus can even lead to secondary bacterial infections, especially in patients with compromised immune systems.
Who’s Most at Risk?
While anyone can develop toenail fungus, some individuals face a higher risk due to age, lifestyle, or medical history. Knowing your risk level can help you catch early signs and seek treatment before the infection worsens.
Higher-risk groups include:
- Adults over age 60: Reduced circulation and slower nail growth increase vulnerability
- Athletes and gym-goers: Frequent exposure to communal spaces and sweaty footwear
- People with diabetes: Minor foot issues can lead to serious complications
- Those with weakened immune systems: More likely to develop chronic or recurring fungal infections
- Individuals with poor foot hygiene or excessive sweating
Preventive foot care and regular check-ups with a podiatrist can reduce the chance of chronic infections, especially in these higher-risk populations.
Is Toenail Fungus Contagious?
Yes, toenail fungus is mildly contagious and can spread from person to person—or from one toe to another—especially in environments with shared surfaces or close contact. It’s also possible to reinfect yourself by wearing contaminated socks or shoes.
How it spreads:
- Shared showers and locker rooms
- Walking barefoot in gyms or spas
- Using unsterilized nail tools
- Sharing shoes or socks
If someone in your household has toenail fungus, it’s important to avoid sharing towels, footwear, or nail care instruments. Disinfecting surfaces and wearing sandals in communal spaces can help prevent transmission.
How Is Toenail Fungus Diagnosed?
Diagnosing toenail fungus starts with a physical exam and may include laboratory testing. At Best Foot Doctor NY, our podiatrists carefully inspect the affected nails and surrounding tissue for typical signs of fungal infection.
Diagnostic steps may include:
- Visual evaluation of nail color, thickness, and structure
- Debris sample or nail clipping for lab testing: Confirms the presence and type of fungus
- Rule-outs for other conditions: Like psoriasis or trauma-related nail changes
Confirming the type of fungus helps determine the most effective treatment—especially when considering oral antifungals or laser therapy. A proper diagnosis ensures that you’re not just treating symptoms, but targeting the root cause.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Toenail fungus may seem minor at first, but it rarely clears up on its own. The earlier you seek medical care, the easier it is to treat and the less likely you’ll need aggressive intervention later.
Make an appointment if you notice:
- Persistent nail discoloration
- Thickened or crumbling nails
- Odor or buildup under the nail
- Pain or pressure while walking or wearing shoes
- Spreading infection to other nails or skin
People with diabetes or poor circulation should seek care as soon as they notice any changes to prevent serious complications.
How Is Toenail Fungus Treated?
At Best Foot Doctor NY, we offer evidence-based treatments that address both the cosmetic appearance and medical concerns caused by toenail fungus. Treatment plans vary depending on the severity of the infection and whether it’s a first-time or chronic issue.
Common treatment options include:
- Topical antifungal medications: Applied directly to the nail over several months
- Oral antifungal medications: Prescription pills that work from the inside out
- Laser therapy: Non-invasive light therapy that targets the fungus at its source
- Debridement or nail trimming: Reduces thickness and improves treatment absorption
In severe or unresponsive cases, nail removal may be considered, but this is typically a last resort. Our podiatrists work with you to find a solution that fits your health status, lifestyle, and cosmetic goals.
What to Expect During Treatment
- Timeline: Some treatments, especially topical options, may take several months for full results.
- Follow-up care: Regular appointments ensure the infection is responding to treatment.
- Prevention education: We help you understand how to prevent recurrence by caring for your nails and footwear.
Toenail fungus can be persistent, but with the right care plan, most patients see a dramatic improvement in both nail health and appearance.
How to Prevent Toenail Fungus
While toenail fungus is treatable, prevention is the most effective long-term strategy. Simple changes to your routine can significantly lower the chance of infection—or recurrence.
Prevention tips:
- Keep feet clean and dry, especially between the toes
- Trim nails straight across, and avoid cutting them too short
- Wear breathable footwear and change socks daily
- Avoid walking barefoot in public or damp areas
- Use antifungal powders or sprays if you sweat heavily
- Disinfect shoes and nail tools regularly
- Choose nail salons with proper sterilization practices
If you’ve had toenail fungus before, regular podiatric checkups can help catch any early signs of reinfection.
Get Help for Toenail Fungus in NYC
If you’re tired of hiding your feet or dealing with thick, discolored toenails, help is just a step away. Toenail fungus is highly treatable—especially when caught early. Schedule an appointment today at one of our convenient locations in Brooklyn, Queens, and Manhattan.